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Faculty Diversity: some additional statistics
March 1, 2002
Supplemental statistics to “Forum: Faculty Diversity,” in the March-April, 2002 edition of Harvard Magazine.
Despite 30 years of affirmative action, and contrary to public perceptions, the American faculty profile, especially at preeminent universities, remains largely white and largely male
Women currently represent 36 percent of full-time faculty compared to 23 percent in the early 1970s. Although this represents…
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| Table 1: STUDENT DIVERSITY, 2000-2001 |
|
Institution
|
Women Students
|
Minority Students
|
|
Amherst
|
48%
|
25%
|
|
Dartmouth
|
48%
|
25%
|
|
Harvard
|
46%
|
34%
|
|
Princeton
|
49%
|
26%
|
|
Williams
|
45%
|
25%
|
|
Yale
|
49%
|
28%
|
|
|
| Table 2: FACULTY, BY GENDER |
| |
1972
|
1998
|
| |
Women
|
Men
|
Women
|
Men
|
|
Total Faculty
|
21%
|
79%
|
41%
|
59%
|
|
Full-Time Faculty
|
25%
|
75%
|
36%
|
64%
|
|
Part-Time Faculty
|
34%
|
66%
|
45%
|
55%
|
|
Full-Time Faculty at Research Universities
|
18%
|
82%
|
25%
|
75%
|
|
Tenured (among full-time faculty)
|
38%
|
58%
|
39%
|
59%
|
|
Full Professors
|
10%
|
90%
|
24%
|
76%
|
|
Full Professors in Science & Engineering
|
2.5%
|
97.5%
|
10%
|
90%
|
|
|
| Table 3: FACULTY, BY RACE |
| |
1989
|
1997
|
| |
Persons of Color
|
Whites
|
Persons of Color
|
Whites
|
|
Total Faculty
|
10%
|
90%
|
17%
|
83%
|
|
Full-Time Faculty
|
11%
|
89%
|
13%
|
87%
|
|
Part-Time Faculty
|
10%
|
90%
|
13%
|
87%
|
|
Full-Time Faculty at Research Universities
|
8%
|
92%
|
9%
|
91%
|
|
Tenured (among full-time faculty)
|
NA
|
NA
|
43%
|
54%
|
|
Full Professors
Blacks, Hispanics,
Native Americans
|
8%
4%
|
92%
96%
|
11%
5%
|
89%
95%
|
|
Full Professors in Science & Engineering
Blacks, Hispanics,
Native Americans
|
NA
NA
|
NA
NA
|
24%
6%
|
76%
94%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Table 4: DEGREES CONFERRED TO WOMEN |
|
Degrees Conferred
|
1900
|
Mid-1970s
|
2000
|
|
Total Baccalaureate
% Women
|
27,410
19%
|
917,900
46%
|
1,185,000
56%
|
|
Total Master’s
% Women
|
1,583
19%
|
311,771
46%
|
430,164
57%
|
|
Total Doctoral
% Women
|
382
6%
|
34,064
2
3%
|
41,368
44%
|
|
|
| Table 5: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF FACULTY BY RANK, GENDER, AND INSTITUTIONAL TYPE, 2000-2001 |
| |
Doctoral-Level
|
Comprehensive
|
Baccalaureate
|
Two-Year Colleges
|
|
|
Men
|
Women
|
M
|
W
|
M
|
W
|
M
|
W
|
|
Professor
|
33
|
6.3
|
25
|
7.7
|
22.8
|
7.4
|
17.8
|
11.9
|
|
Associate Professor
|
18.7
|
9.1
|
17.1
|
10.2
|
17.0
|
11.5
|
13.1
|
12.4
|
|
Assistant Professor
|
13.1
|
9.8
|
15.2
|
14.3
|
16.6
|
15.5
|
11.9
|
12.6
|
|
Instructor
|
1.8
|
2.6
|
2.6
|
4.0
|
2.9
|
3.9
|
8.2
|
9.2
|
|
Lecturer
|
2.1
|
2.4
|
1.4
|
1.9
|
0.8
|
1.0
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
|
All Combined
|
69.3
|
30.7
|
61.6
|
38.4
|
60.5
|
39.5
|
52.6
|
47.6
|
|
|
| Table 6: FULL-TIME FACULTY, 1997 |
|
Type of Institution
|
Women as a % of Full-Time Faculty
|
|
Public 2-year college
|
44%
|
|
Liberal arts college
|
37%
|
|
Private comprehensive university
|
34%
|
|
Public comprehensive university
|
32%
|
|
Public doctoral university
|
25%
|
|
Private doctoral university
|
23%
|
|
|
| Table 7: TENURE STATUS, BY GENDER AND INSTITUTIONAL TYPE, 1980 AND 1995 |
| |
1980
|
1995
|
| |
Men
|
Women
|
Men
|
Women
|
|
All institutions
Four-Year
University
Other Four-Year
Two-Year
|
70.0
68.3
70.0
67.0
78.8
|
49.7
44.0
41.0
45.5
66.6
|
71.3
70.2
74.0
67.5
78.2
|
50.3
45.3
45.7
45.1
67.1
|
|
Public institutions
Four-Year
University
Other Four-Year
Two-Year
|
72.8
71.1
71.3
70.9
79.3
|
>54.0
47.5
42.8
50.2
67.5
|
74.0
73.0
76.0
70.6
78.2
|
53.6
47.4
47.6
47.3
67.3
|
|
Private institutions
Four-Year
University
Other Four-Year
Two-Year
|
62.2
62.2
66.3
59.8
57.3
|
37.2
37.2
36.5
37.4
39.5
|
64.8
64.6
68.9
62.2
75.8
|
41.7
41.4
41.3
41.5
57.3
|
|
|
| Table 8: SCIENCE & ENGINEERING DOCTORATES, 1993 |
| |
Women
|
Men
|
|
Number holding full-time faculty positions
|
41,800
|
169,200
|
|
Number holding part-time faculty positions
|
28,000
|
55,300
|
|
Likelihood of being employed full-time
|
60%
|
75%
|
|
Likelihood of being employed part-time
|
40%
|
25%
|
|
Percent awarded tenure
|
26%
|
51%
|
|
Percent employed on one-term contracts (non-tenure-track)
|
54%
|
34%
|
|
Percent employed by public, two-year colleges
|
37%
|
25%
|
|
Percent employed by universities and four-year colleges
Biological sciences
Chemistry
Environmental sciences
Physical sciences
|
29%
26%
18%
32%
25%
|
43%
62%
59%
60%
49%
|
|
|
| Table 9: AVERAGE SALARY, BY GENDER, RANK, AND INSTITUTIONAL TYPE, 2000-01 (figures in dollars) |
| |
Doctoral
|
Comprehensive
|
Baccalaureate
|
Two-Year Colleges
|
| |
Men
|
Women
|
M
|
W
|
M
|
W
|
M
|
W
|
|
Professor
|
91,186
|
82,827
|
70,726
|
67,283
|
65,152
|
61,933
|
59,560
|
55,141
|
|
Associate
|
63,863
|
59,515
|
56,404
|
53,576
|
51,044
|
49,082
|
48,643
|
45,573
|
|
Assistant
|
54,886
|
49,707
|
46,299
|
44,310
|
42,140
|
41,159
|
42,128
|
40,311
|
|
Instructor
|
37,738
|
35,694
|
35,431
|
34,486
|
35,179
|
33,384
|
35,774
|
35,078
|
|
Lecturer
|
43,986
|
39,171
|
37,019
|
34,817
|
38,992
|
36,644
|
36,501
|
34,413
|
|
|
| Table 10: PERCENT OF DOCTORAL DEGREES IN 2000, BY RACE |
| |
All
|
Business
|
Education
|
Engineering
|
Humanities
|
Life Sciences
|
Physical Sciences
|
Prof’l Fields
|
Social Sciences
|
|
Native American
|
0.6
|
0.6
|
0.9
|
0.3
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.5
|
0.2
|
0.7
|
|
Asian
|
7.8
|
9.5
|
3.1
|
17.5
|
4.3
|
11.4
|
10.5
|
5.7
|
5.4
|
|
Black
|
5.9
|
5.9
|
12.4
|
3.2
|
3.7
|
3.7
|
2.8
|
9.5
|
6.5
|
|
Hispanic
|
4.3
|
2.9
|
5.0
|
3.1
|
4.7
|
4.0
|
3.4
|
3.7
|
5.0
|
|
White
|
79.3
|
78.9
|
77
|
73.5
|
84.4
|
78.5
|
80.5
|
79.3
|
80
|
|
|
| Table 11: PERCENT TENURED FACULTY, BY RACE, 1989 and 1997 |
| |
1989
|
1997
|
| |
Total
|
Men
|
Women
|
Total
|
Men
|
Women
|
|
Total
|
71
|
75
|
59
|
73
|
77
|
63
|
|
White
|
72
|
76
|
60
|
75
|
80
|
64
|
|
Total Minority
|
61
|
63
|
57
|
64
|
68
|
56
|
|
African American
|
61
|
63
|
59
|
61
|
64
|
57
|
|
Hispanic
|
64
|
66
|
58
|
64
|
68
|
59
|
|
Asian American
|
60
|
61
|
54
|
66
|
70
|
54
|
|
Native American
|
67
|
71
|
57
|
63
|
71
|
51
|
|
|
| Table 12: PERCENT FULL-TIME FACULTY, BY RACE AND INSTITUTIONAL TYPE, 1992 |
| |
Total
|
Public Research
|
Private Research
|
Public Doctoral
|
Private Doctoral
|
Public Comp
|
Private Comp
|
Private L. Arts
|
Public 2-Year
|
|
White
|
86.5
|
88
|
83.7
|
87.5
|
84.1
|
82.7
|
91.3
|
90
|
85.5
|
|
Black
|
5.2
|
2.8
|
5.0
|
3.1
|
4.9
|
9.1
|
3.5
|
5.4
|
6.2
|
|
Hispanic
|
2.6
|
2.2
|
2.1
|
2.5
|
3.7
|
2.6
|
1.3
|
4.1
|
1.4
|
|
Asian
|
5.2
|
6.9
|
9.0
|
6.1
|
7.1
|
5.1
|
3.3
|
2.8
|
3.3
|
|
Native American
|
0.5
|
0.1
|
0.2
|
0.8
|
0.2
|
0.5
|
0.2
|
0.5
|
1.0
|
|
|
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