Words Both Hopeful and Fateful

Benazir Bhutto ’73 spoke about democracy and human rights in her 1989 Commencement address.

As Benazir Bhutto ’73 returned to Harvard in 1989 to give the Commencement address and receive an honorary degree, Peter W. Galbraith ’73, K ’78, recalled his attempt, on a Senate Foreign Relations Committee visit to Pakistan in 1981, to visit his classmate Bhutto in prison. Galbraith was not allowed to see her, and it would be another two and a half years before she would be freed. But Galbraith wrote of Bhutto's extraordinary life after her time as a political prisoner:

In the space of twelve months, beginning in December 1987, she got married, designed and built a house, wrote and published a book, conducted a national election campaign, gave birth to a son, and took her first salaried job as leader of a strategically important country of one hundred million.

Bhutto's father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, was Pakistan's president from 1971 to 1973 (assuming the office during his daughter's junior year at Radcliffe). He was hanged in 1979. "I always knew Benazir would do well," Galbraith wrote. "And I thought her eventual leadership of Pakistan—assuming she was permitted to live—became inevitable" with her father's death.

Bhutto served as prime minister from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996; she lived in exile from 1998 to 2007 and was assassinated in December 2007, two months after her return to Pakistan.

She spoke about politics in her 1989 address, calling for a new international organization for the promotion of democracy and human rights worldwide:

Bhutto quoted the poet-philosopher Iqbal: “ ‘Life is reduced to a rivulet under dictatorship. But in freedom it becomes a boundless ocean.' This is true in Pakistan, and on every continent on earth. Let all of us who believe in freedom join together for the preservation of liberty. My message is, democratic nations unite."

Read a PDF from the July-August 1989 issue with more detail on Bhutto's speech, as well as Galbraith's full profile, which includes a photo of Bhutto with her mother on her own Commencement day, and Galbraith's recollections of his friendship with Bhutto.

You might also like

Slow and Steady

A Harvard Law School graduate completes marathons in all 50 states.  

Claudine Gay in First Post-Presidency Appearance

At Morning Prayers, speaks of resilience and the unknown

The Dark History Behind Chocolate

A Harvard course on the politics and culture of food

Most popular

Claudine Gay in First Post-Presidency Appearance

At Morning Prayers, speaks of resilience and the unknown

Private Equity and the Practice of Medicine

Hundreds of U.S. hospitals are owned by private equity firms—does monetizing medicine affect the quality of care?

The Gravity of Groups

Mina Cikara explores how political tribalism feeds the American bipartisan divide.

More to explore

Exploring Political Tribalism and American Politics

Mina Cikara explores how political tribalism feeds the American bipartisan divide.

Private Equity in Medicine and the Quality of Care

Hundreds of U.S. hospitals are owned by private equity firms—does monetizing medicine affect the quality of care?

Construction on Commercial Enterprise Research Campus in Allston

Construction on Harvard’s commercial enterprise research campus and new theater in Allston