Nineteenth-century dancing lessons

A professor's passion reveals how one learned to dance in Jane Austen's day.

The children in The Dancing Lesson, Pt. 2 are learning the minuet. The dancing master plays a pochette, a pocket violin. The girl at back stands in a narrow box called a tourne hanche–or, in English, a hip turner, turn-out boards, or the torture box–to train her feet to point at a wide angle, in genteel fashion, as do those of the dancers and the master himself. The hand-colored etching is by famed caricaturist George Cruikshank and depicts a moment from London’s social-dancing scene in 1824.

The etching is part of the vast collections in opera, ballet, operetta, musical theater, and popular song and dance from Elizabethan times to the present assembled by Mason professor of music emeritus John M. Ward and the late Ruth Neils Ward and given to the Harvard Theatre Collection, the Loeb Music Library, and the Houghton Library. “Professor Ward’s approach is comprehensive,” says Fredric W. Wilson, curator of the Theatre Collection. “If there are 13 editions of an opera, ideally he’d like to have all of them and maybe more than one copy of some. This is wonderful for researchers.” The Wards have demonstrated, Harvard University Library director Robert Darnton has written, “that collecting itself is a vital form of scholarship.”

At 92, John Ward is still avidly collecting—and giving. Moreover, he provides financial support for two library catalogers who try to keep up with the incoming flow not only of scores and scripts, but also of documentation about actual performances and the audiences who heard, saw, and responded to them. 

Ward is interested both in music and in what people do with it. One thing they did in the post-Napoleonic-wars era in Britain was to disport themselves in the quadrille, a dance for four couples in square formation that allowed of many variations. Paine of Almack’s Quadrilles (London, c. 1815), at left, was a deck of gilt-edged cards providing reminders of the steps for many of the intricate variations on the theme. Each card is punctured at top, to be strung around the wrist. Andrea Cawelti, one of the Ward catalogers, explains: “At a ball, the dances were often not set ahead of time, and couples might not know until the last minute which dance was to be played. I can imagine the anxiety a participant might feel to excel, in a time when you were often judged by your dancing skill. A young person’s entire future might seem to hang on the ability to make a good impression.”

Read more articles by Christopher Reed

You might also like

What of the Humble Pencil?

Review: At the Harvard Art Museums’ new exhibit, drawing takes center stage

Harvard Film Archive Spotlights Japanese Director Mikio Naruse

A retrospective of the filmmaker’s works, from Floating Clouds to Flowing

A Harvard Art Museums Painting Gets a Bath

Water and sunlight help restore a modern American classic.

Most popular

Harvard Research Funding Will Resume, Government Signals

Notices of grant reinstatements follow a court ruling, but the Trump administration could still appeal. 

Paolo Pasco and the art of making crosswords

Paolo Pasco and the art of making crosswords

How MAGA Went Mainstream at Harvard

Trump, TikTok, and the pandemic are reshaping Gen Z politics.

Explore More From Current Issue

Brandon Terry, wearing a blue suit, standing before The Embrace, a large bronze sculpture of intertwined arms in Boston Common.

A New Narrative of Civil Rights

Political philosopher Brandon Terry’s vision of racial progress

Nineteenth-century prison ruins with brick guardhouse surrounded by forest.

This Connecticut Mine Was Once a Prison

The underground Old New-Gate Prison quickly became “a school for crime.”

Man, standing in small group of people outside the courthouse, holding a sign that reads "HANDS OFF HARVARD" in red letters

Harvard’s Summer in Court

What Columbia’s settlement means for the University